The effectiveness of lempuyang gajah (Zingiber zerumbet) rhizome juice in reducing ectoparasite infections in mutiara catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fry

Authors

  • Nurul Suwartiningsih Universitas Ahmad Dahlan
  • Aditya Rizka Afriani Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37301/esabi.v7i1.110

Keywords:

Intensity, Parasites, Prevalence, Trichodina

Abstract

Mutiara catfish cultivation is gaining popularity due to its fast growth, feed efficiency, and environmental resilience. However, ectoparasite infections such as Trichodina sp., Gyrodactylus sp., and Dactylogyrus sp. remain a major challenge, causing stress, inhibited growth, and potential mass mortality. The routine use of synthetic antibiotics to combat these parasites raises concerns about resistance and environmental impact, highlighting the need for safe, natural alternatives. This study evaluated the effectiveness of lempuyang gajah (Zingiber zerumbet) rhizome juice in reducing ectoparasite infections in Mutiara catfish fry. The experiment involved five treatment concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 mL/L), each with four replications. Parameters observed included the number, prevalence, and intensity of ectoparasites. Results showed that lempuyang gajah rizome juice significantly reduced ectoparasite numbers, prevalence, and intensity, with the largest reduction observed at 15 mL/L. The decrease corresponds to increased levels of active compounds such as zerumbone, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins, known for their antiparasitic properties. In conclusion, lempuyang gajah rhizome juice is a promising natural and eco-friendly alternative for controlling ectoparasites in Mutiara catfish farming, offering potential solutions to issues of antibiotic resistance and food safety.

Author Biographies

Nurul Suwartiningsih, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Department of Biology

Aditya Rizka Afriani, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Department of Biology

References

Affandi, R. I., & Setyono, B. D. H. (2024). Potensi tanaman lempuyang (Zingiber zerumbet) Sebagai imunostimulan pada ikan. Jurnal Vokasi Ilmu-Ilmu Perikanan, 4(2), 182. https://doi.org/10.35726/jvip.v4i2.7246

Al Hasyimia, U. S., Dewi, N. K., & Pribadi, T. A. (2016). Identifikasi ektoparasit pada ikan lele sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus). Life Science, 5(2), 118–124.

Alavinia, S. J., Mirzargar, S. S., Rahmati-Holasoo, H., & Mousavi, H. E. (2018). The in vitro and in vivo effect of tannic acid on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) to treat Ichthyophthiriasis. Journal of Fish Diseases, 41(12), 1793–1802. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12886

Amelia, N., Pebriani, D. A. A., & Kartika, G. R. A. (2023). Mortality patterns and parasite attack intensity in catfish cultivated with two different systems. Jurnal Agroqua, 21(2), 327–333. https://doi.org/10.32663/ja.v

Andayani, C. P., Dewi, M., Saragih, E. T. W. B., Mendrofa, F. L., Kristin, J., Restulangi, J., Shofia, S., & Ngazizah, F. N. (2024). Identifikasi jenis ektoparasit pada ikan konsumsi lele (Clarias sp.) dari tambak ikan Kota Palangka Raya. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains Dan Teknologi Fakultas Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Palangka Raya, 6(1), 300–305. https://ejournal.upr.ac.id/index.php/SNST2023/article/view/16548

Ardyanti, R., Nindarwi, D. D., Sari, L. A., & Wulan Sari, P. D. (2018). Manajemen pembenihan lele mutiara (Clarias sp.) dengan aplikasi probiotik di unit pelayanan teknis pengembangan teknologi perikanan budidaya (UPT PTPB) Kepanjen, Malang, Jawa Timur. Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health, 7(2), 84. https://doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v7i2.11254

Chandra, A. B., & Aji, O. R. (2023). Pengaruh ekstrak daun jeruju (Acanthus ilicifolius L.) dalam menghambat Trichodina spp. pada benih ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus L.). JRST (Jurnal Riset Sains Dan Teknologi), 7(2), 177. https://doi.org/10.30595/jrst.v7i2.16749

Dawo, A. B., Salossi, Y., & Pasaribu, W. (2023). Inventarisasi ektoparasit ikan lele (Clarias sp. ) dan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara. JFMR-Journal of Fisheries and Marine Research, 7(1), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jfmr.2023.007.01.3

Dawood, M. A. O., El Basuini, M. F., Zaineldin, A. I., Yilmaz, S., Hasan, M. T., Ahmadifar, E., El Asely, A. M., Abdel-Latif, H. M. R., Alagawany, M., Abu-Elala, N. M., Van Doan, H., & Sewilam, H. (2021). Antiparasitic and antibacterial functionality of essential oils: An alternative approach for sustainable aquaculture. Pathogens, 10(2), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020185

Dwilantiani, ., Nugraheni, Y. R., Prastowo, J., Priyowidodo, D., Sahara, A., & Nurcahyo, W. (2019). Prevalensi dan insidensi parasit pada ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio). Partner, 24(2), 1140. https://doi.org/10.35726/jp.v24i2.285

Ekaputri, R. B., Rosa, E., Pratami, G. D., & Sumardi, S. (2023). Types, prevalence, and infection rate of ectoparasites on dumbo catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen Dan Keanekaragaman Hayati (J-BEKH), 10(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.23960/jbekh.v10i2.268

Erwiyani, A. R., Sikni Retno Karminingtyas, & Istianatus Sunnah. (2023). Upaya peningkatan pengetahuan tentang antibiotik dan pencegahan resistensi di SMK Farmasi Putra Bangsa Salatiga. JURPIKAT (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat), 4(2), 73–81. https://doi.org/10.37339/jurpikat.v4i2.1326

Fachrussyah, Z. C., Ahmad, I. G., Lantu, I. S., Lamadi, A., & Nento, W. R. (2024). Prevalence and intensity of ectoparasites in catfish (Clarias sp.) cultivated with biofloc system. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 12(10), 2029–2033. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.aavs/2024/12.10.2029.2033

Fransira, I. (2023). Identifikasi ektoparasit pada insang ikan lele (Clarias sp.) dari Kolam budidaya di Bakunase. Jurnal Ilmiah Bahari Papadak, 4(2), 175–179.

Fu, Y. W., Wang, B., Zhang, Q. Z., Xu, D. H., Liu, Y. M., Hou, T. L., & Guo, S. Q. (2019). Efficacy and antiparasitic mechanism of 10-gingerol isolated from ginger Zingiber officinale against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in grass carp. Veterinary Parasitology, 265(November 2018), 74–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.11.011

Harahap, K., Febri, S. P., Komariyah, S., & Hasri, I. (2021). The effectiveness of using papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya L.) as infestation control Argulus sp. in koi fish (Cyprinus carpio) khoiriah. Jurnal Airaha, 10(02), 177–184. https://doi.org/10.15578/ja.v10i02.261

Hardi, E. H., Nugroho, R. A., Kusuma, I. W., Saptiani, G., Agustina, A., Abinawanto, A., Fujaya, Y., Murtiyoso, B., Winanto, T., & Nurhidaya, N. (2022). Antiparasitic activity of solanum ferox extract and concoction with Zingiber zerumbet and Boesenbergia pandurata extracts to control Argulus sp. on goldfish (Cyprinus carpio). Aquacultura Indonesiana, 23(2), 119. https://doi.org/10.21534/ai.v23i2.288

Haris, A., & Asran, A. (2015). Efektifitas pemanfataan larutan paci-paci (Leucas lavandulaefolia) terhadap perkembangan populasi parasit (Trichodina sp.) pada ikan lele dumbo (Clarias sp). Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan Octopus, 4(2), 405–409.

Hastuti, S. W., Herlina, S., Jurusan Budidaya Perairan Universitas Darwan Ali, M., & Pengajar Jurusan Budidaya Perairan Universitas Darwan Ali, S. (2020). Ectoparasites infestation in african catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Kuala Pembuang Dua Village. Jurnal Ilmu Hewani Tropika, 9(2), 99–104.

Hidayat, W., Mulyana, M., & Mumpuni, F. S. (2020). Inventarisasi ektoparasit pada benih ikan lele sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus). Jurnal Mina Sains, 6(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.30997/jms.v6i1.2735

Hoar, Y., Salosso, Y., & Santoso, P. (2020). Identifikasi parasit dan bakteri vibrio pada kerang darah (Anadara granosa) di Perairan Tanah Merah, Kecamatan Kupang Tengah. Jurnal Aquatik, 3(2), 57–66. http://ejurnal.undana.ac.id/jaqu/index 57

Hossain, S., De Silva, B. C. J., Wimalasena, S. H. M. P., Pathirana, H. N. K. S., & Heo, G. J. (2019). In vitro antibacterial effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) essential oil against fish pathogenic bacteria isolated from farmed olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in Korea. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 18(2), 386–394. https://doi.org/10.22092/ijfs.2018.119853

Irwandi, Yanti, A. H., & Wulandari, D. (2017). Prevalensi dan intensitas ektoparasit pada insang ikan nila merah (Oreochromis sp.) di Keramba Apung Sungai Kapuas Desa Kapur Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Jurnal Protobiont, 6(1), 20–28.

Iswanto, B., Suprapto, R., Marnis, H., & Imron, I. (2015). Karakteristik morfologi dan genetis ikan lele afrika (Clarias gariepinus Burchell) starin mutiara. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur, 10(3), 325–334. https://doi.org/10.15578/jra.10.3.2015.325-334

Iswanto, B., Suprapto, R., Marnis, H., & Imron, I. (2016). Performa reproduksi ikan lele mutiara (Clarias gariepinus). Media Akuakultur, 11(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.11.1.2016.15-21

Masnita, M., Januardi, U., & Fikri, M. Z. (2024). Performa pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan pada pembesaran ikan lele mutiara (Clarias gariepinus) di balai pembenihan ikan (BBI) lokal Kota Pontianak. Journal of Fisheries and Marine Applied Science, 2(3), 150–156. https://doi.org/10.58184/jfmas.v2i3.580

Mukherjee, D., Singh, C. B., Dey, S., Mandal, S., Ghosh, J., Mallick, S., Hussain, A., Swapana, N., Ross, S. A., & Pal, C. (2016). Induction of apoptosis by zerumbone isolated from Zingiber zerumbet (L.) smith in protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani due to oxidative stress. Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 20(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2015.10.002

Munawwaroh, A., & Rahayu, L. (2017). Prevalence and degree of infections Trichodina sp. protozoa on mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus) resourses at Keramat Mengare Village, Bungah District, Gresik Regency. Anita Munawwaroh @ Prevalence and Degree of Infections Bioedukasi, 15(2), 38–41.

Nafiqoh, N., Gardenia, L., Sugiani, D., & Purwaningsih, U. (2020). Potensi kombinasi tanaman obat herbal sebagai bahan pengendali penyakit bakteri, jamur, dan parasit pada ikan lele. Media Akuakultur, 15(2), 105–111. http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/ma/article/view/8493

Nugraheny, D. F., Ekasanti, A., Listiowati, E., Setyawan, A. C., & Syakuri, H. (2020). Pengendalian Trichodina sp. pada benih ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dengan ekstrak daun sirih (Piper betle L.). Sainteks, 17(2), 145. https://doi.org/10.30595/sainteks.v17i2.9377

Nurhasnawati, H., Jubaidah, S., & Elfia, N. (2016). Air tawar yang beredar di pasar segiri menggunakan metode spektrofotometri ultra. Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung, 2(2), 173–178. https://doi.org/10.51352/jim.v2i2.64

Nuriani, N., & Suwartiningsih, N. (2021). Pengendalian ektoparasit benih ikan lele mutiara (Clarias gariepinus) dengan jus rimpang jahe (Zingiber officinale). Prosiding Seminar Nasional VI, 368–373. http://researchreport.umm.ac.id/index.php/psnpb/article/view/4778

Pelic, D. L., Radosavljevic, V., Pelic, M., Balos, M. Z., Puvaca, N., Jug-Dujakovic, J., & Gavrilovic, A. (2024). Antibiotic residues in cultured fish: Implications for Food safety and regulatory concerns. Fishes, 9(484), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9120484

Putri, S. M., Haditomo, A. H. C., & Desrina. (2016). Infestasi monogenea pada ikan konsumsi air tawar di kolam budidaya Desa Ngrajek Magelang. Aquaculture Management and Technology, 5(1), 162–170. http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/jamt

Rahim, N. F., Tuiyo, R., & Muharam, A. (2016). Pengaruh perendaman dengan larutan daun sirih terhadap sintasan benih ikan nila yang terinfeksi Trichodina sp . Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan Dan Kelautan, 4(4), 127–131.

Ramzan, M., & Zeshan, B. (2023). Assessment of the phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial potentials of Zingiber zerumbet. Molecules, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010409

Rokhmani, Darsono, & Riwidiharso, E. (2020). Diversity of Trichodina spp. on the larvae of freshwater fish in Banyumas and surrounding areas of Central Java. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 593(1), 012039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/593/1/012039

Rosidah. (2022). Potential of plant as antiparasite for fish. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 10(5), 147–151. https://doi.org/10.22271/fish.2022.v10.i5b.2739

Saha, M., & Bandyopadhyay, P. K. (2017). Seasonal incidence of protozoan parasitic infestation in ornamental fishes of West Bengal, India. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 41(2), 523–526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-016-0842-x

Santrianda, A., & Aji, O. R. (2021). Pengendalian parasit Trichodina sp. menggunakan infusa daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) pada permukaan kulit ikan lele (Clarias batrachus L.). Biosel Biology Science and Education, 10(1), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.33477/bs.v10i1.1308

Sari, P. D. W., Mahasri, G., & Koesnoto, K. (2020). Patogenesis gyrodactylus: Penentuan derajat infestasi, pengamatan gejala klinis dan patologi insang ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio). Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health, 9(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v9i1.16215

Shao, Y., Wang, Y., Yuan, Y., & Xie, Y. (2021). A systematic review on antibiotics misuse in livestock and aquaculture and regulation implications in China. Science of the Total Environment, 798(18), 149-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149205

Shigoley, M. I., Rahmouni, I., Louizi, H., Pariselle, A., & Vanhove, M. P. M. (2023). First study on Gyrodactylus (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae) in Morocco, with description of a new species from Luciobarbus pallaryi and Luciobarbus ksibi (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae). Animals, 13(10), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13101624

Siegers, W. H., Tuhumury, R. A. N., & Fajaluddin, F. (2024). Identifikasi jenis ektoparasit pada benih ikan lele sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus) dari balai benih ikan lokal dan pembudidaya di wilayah Koya Barat. Juvenil: Jurnal Ilmiah Kelautan Dan Perikanan, 5(3), 229–237. https://doi.org/10.21107/juvenil.v5i3.22927

Sigit, M., Candra, A. Y. R., Hidayat, A. R., & Sasmita, R. (2019). Derajat infestasi Trichodina sp. pada lele dumbo (Clarias Gariepinus) di empat kolam pembudidayaan di Kabupaten Sumenep. Jurnal Vitek Bidang Kedokteran Hewan, 9(November), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.30742/jv.v9i0.61

Tran, T. P. N., & Tran, G. B. (2023). Application of bead tree leaf extract (Melia azedarach) as a green and natural anti-parasitic drug to control Trichodinosis in whitespotted freshwater catfish (Clarias fuscus) Farming. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 106(December), 187–192. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET23106032

Yuliani, I., Pratiwi, R. H., & Yulistiana. (2023). Analisis tingkat serangan parasit pada ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dan ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus) di balai benih ikan (BBI) Ciganjur. Biota: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati, 8(1), 68–80. https://doi.org/10.24002/biota.v8i1.5502

Zhou, S., Dong, J., Liu, Y., Yang, Q., Xu, N., Yang, Y., & Ai, X. (2021). Antiparasitic efficacy of herbal extracts and active compound against Gyrodactylus kobayashii in Carassius auratus. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8(April), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.665072

Downloads

Published

2025-06-30

Issue

Section

Articles